How To Design And Create Successful Free Evolution Techniques From Home

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.

This has been proven by many examples such as the stickleback fish species that can be found in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect species that prefer particular host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations can't, however, explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all living creatures that live on our planet for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection is the best-established explanation. This is because individuals who are better-adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of genetic traits, including both dominant and recessive genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of creating viable, fertile offspring. This can be done via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these variables must be in balance for natural selection to occur. For example, if an allele that is dominant at one gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will become more prevalent within the population. However, if the gene confers a disadvantage in survival or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce far more effectively than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism can produce, the greater its fitness that is determined by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. Individuals with favorable traits, like the long neck of giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to reproduce and survive which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which states that animals acquire characteristics through use or neglect. For instance, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through reaching out to catch prey and its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, the alleles of a gene could reach different frequencies in a population by chance events. At some point, one will reach fixation (become so widespread that it is unable to be eliminated by natural selection), while other alleles fall to lower frequencies. This could lead to a dominant allele in extreme. The other alleles have been basically eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to zero. In a small group this could result in the complete elimination of the recessive allele. Such a scenario would be called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process when a large number of individuals move to form a new population.

A phenotypic  bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an outbreak or a mass hunting event are confined to a small area. The survivors will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele, which means they will all have the same phenotype and consequently have the same fitness traits. This situation might be the result of a conflict, earthquake or even a disease. The genetically distinct population, if left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Lewens, and Ariew utilize a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values of different fitness levels. They provide the famous case of twins who are both genetically identical and share the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other continues to reproduce.

This type of drift can play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only method to progress. Natural selection is the most common alternative, in which mutations and migration keep phenotypic diversity within the population.

click homepage  argues that there is a big difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or a cause and considering other causes of evolution such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal mechanism account of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He also argues that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a magnitude, that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is often referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms via the inherited characteristics which result from the organism's natural actions use and misuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe extending its neck further to reach the higher branches in the trees. This would cause the longer necks of giraffes to be passed to their offspring, who would grow taller.

Lamarck Lamarck, a French Zoologist, introduced an innovative idea in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. In his view living things evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case but the general consensus is that he was the one giving the subject its first general and thorough treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won, leading to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective action of environment factors, such as Natural Selection.

While Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not a central element in any of their theories about evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been over 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of age genomics there is a growing evidence-based body of evidence to support the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a struggle to survive. This view misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more precisely described as a fight to survive within a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms but as well the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. Adaptation is any feature that allows a living thing to live in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical structure, such as feathers or fur. It could also be a trait of behavior, like moving into the shade during hot weather or moving out to avoid the cold at night.

The ability of an organism to draw energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms and their physical environments, is crucial to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and it must be able to access enough food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be able to reproduce itself at an optimal rate within its environmental niche.

These elements, along with mutations and gene flow can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the population's gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequency can result in the development of new traits, and eventually new species.

Many of the features that we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, for example, lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to protect themselves long legs to run away from predators and camouflage for hiding. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral traits.

Physical characteristics like large gills and thick fur are physical characteristics. Behavior adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or move into the shade in hot weather. Furthermore, it is important to note that a lack of thought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. In fact, failure to think about the implications of a decision can render it ineffective, despite the fact that it may appear to be logical or even necessary.